The Center for International Studies of the University of Missouri-St. Louis issues Occasional Papers at irregular intervals from ongoing research projects, thereby providing a viable means for communicating tentative results. Comments on these papers, therefore, are particularly welcome. Occasional Papers should not be reproduced or quoted at length without the consent of the author or of the Center for International Studies.

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Gradual Retirement: Japanese Strategies for Older Workers, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Chikako Usui

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Nation-Building and Ethnic Mobilization in the Soviet Successor States: The Case of Moldova, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Jeff Chinn and Steven D. Roper

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Business Diplomacy in the 1930s - West European Heavy Industry Cartels, Hitler's Foreign Policy, and Economic Appeasement, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John R. Gillingham

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Huns, Krauts or Good Germans - The German Image in America, 1800 - 1980, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Konrad H. Jarausch

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Reform In Three Phases - Genesis of the West German Federal Framework Law for Higher Education - 1976, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce M. Mushaben

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Juridical Precedence Turned Legislative Prescription - The Courts and Higher Education in the Federal Republic and the United States, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce M. Mushaben

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The Economics of Information, Market Structure, and Pricing in the Securities Industry, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, William E. Mitchell and Robert L. Sorensen

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How Belgium Survived - The Food Supply Problems on an Occupied Nation., UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John R. Gillingham

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The Congressional Budget Process - Impact on the Senate, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Lance T. LeLoup

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The Europeanization of the Ruhr - From Hitler to the Schumann Plan, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John R. Gillingham

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A Spectre Haunting - New Dimensions Of Youth Protest In Western Europe, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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The Crusade of Cultural Federalism - Government Financing, States Rights and Higher Educational Policy in the German Federal Republic, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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Two Responses to Post-Industrial Problems Higher Educational Reform Trends in the German Federal Republic and the German Democratic Republic, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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Review Article The Civic Culture Re-visited The State of Democracy in Advanced Industrial Germany, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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A Crisis of Culture - Isolation and Integration Among Turkish Guestworkers in the German Federal Republic, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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Custom in a Competitive Marketplace, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Stuart Plattner

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Regional Production Functions for Soviet Agriculture - Factor Endowment, Variable Proportions and Modernization, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Elizabeth Clayton

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Economic Decision Making in A Public Marketplace, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Stuart Plattner

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The Coordination of Detente Policy, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, W. Link

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Britains Defense Policy, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, L. Freedman

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The U.S. and Europe in Perspective, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, A.W. DePorte

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Should The U.S. Pull Out of Western Europe, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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Henry A. Kissinger White House Years, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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Agricultural Land Evaluation in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Elizabeth Clayton

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Responses to Urban Budgetary Stringency - The Managerial Dimension in London, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew D. Glassberg

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Agriculture and Economic Development in Eastern Europe, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Elizabeth Clayton

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Afghanistan and Soviet Central Asia - One Region or Two, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Elizabeth Clayton

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The Urban Fiscal Crisis Becomes Routine, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew D. Glassberg

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Guns and Butter, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Catherine M. Kelleher, William Domke, and Richard Eichenberg

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Calculating Defense, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Walter Goldstein

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The Politics of European Defense Cooperation, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Roger Morgan

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Eight Questions About Farmers Markets, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Stuart Plattner

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Policy Proposals American Political and Military Response, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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The Politics of Middle-Class Return to the City Anglo-American Perspectives, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew D. Glassberg

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Urban Management Under Fiscal Stringency United States and Britain, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew D. Glassberg

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Neighborhood Deterioration An Urban-Political Explanation, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew D. Glassberg and Dale C. Nelson

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Ruhr Coal Miners and Hitlers War, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John Gillingham

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The Politics of Business in the Economic Grossraum The Example of Belgium, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John Gillingham

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Foreign Trade, Protection and Multinational Activity In U.S. Food Processing Industries, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson

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A Case of Continuity The Cartelization of the Western European Montanindustrie 1933-1945, and the European Coal and Steel Community, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John Gillingham

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Transformations In The Alliance, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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Nato and Detente, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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Industrial Policy and Firm Behavior in an International Context, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson

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Ethnicity And Economic Niches In Soulard Farmers Market, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Lorraine Eckstein and Stuart Plattner

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Public Markets - Functional Anachronisms or Functional Necessities, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Stuart Plattner

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Export Trade of the State of Missouri, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson

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A Simultaneous Equation and Analysis of Advertising, Concentration and Profitability, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos

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Theory In International Relations, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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Working Class Football In London The Founding of the West Ham United Football Club, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Charles P. Korr

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Foreign Capital, Domestic Finance and Saving In Developing Countries, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, James W. Christian and Emilio Pagoulatos

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EQUALITY + BARGAINING CHIPS = ARMS RACE, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Richard E. Hayes

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The Effects of Nuclear Proliferation, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Richard E. Hayes

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Political Consultation In Nato, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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A Perceptual Framework For Analysis of International Military Intervention, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Frederic S. Pearson

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The Prospects for Educational Research In International Studies, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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United States Commitments and Alliances - Some Implications of the Changing International Environment, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Edwin H. Fedder

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What is the Millenium Challenge Account and How Do the Commonwealth of Independent States Rank, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Maks Kobonbaev

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Doing Business With East European Countries Targets of Opportunity, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Ilia Fartounov

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European Political Transformation and the Future of Europe Implications of Integration for the Individual, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Leon Hurwitz

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Soviet Soldiers In Politics And European Security, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Dale R. Herspring

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Security As Seen From Bucharest, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Walter M. Bacon Jr.

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East European Security In The Wake Of Revolution, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Daniel N. Nelson

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Descent Into The Vortex Contrasts and Aftermaths of the Collapse of the Military Efforts to Rule in Poland and the USSR, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Chris Hamilton

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Restructuring Hungarian Civil-Military Relations, 1988-1990, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Zoltan D. Barany

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Exploring The Role of Market Allocation In Urban Household Consumption During Chinas Economic Structural Reform, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, J. Ray Bowen II

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The Circle of the Protected - Toward A Re-Organization of Alliance Politics, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew P. Dunne

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European Union Regulation of Competition for Investment - Lessons for North America, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Kenneth P. Thomas

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The Conscience of The Nation - Intellectuals In Unified Germany, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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Third Parties In Northern Ireland Exacerbation or Amelioration, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Sean Byrne

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The Evolution of the United Nations Economic System, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Ho-Won Jeong

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The Management of Economic Reform - The Case of the Ghanaian State, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Ho-Won Jeong

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Response to Military Downsizing in the U.S. and the European Union - A comparative Analysis, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew Glassberg

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The Reemergence of Nationalism in Central Europe Woman, Man and the Paradoxes of Democratization, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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A Team Theoretic Model of Firm Evolution With Implications for Chinas Economic Development, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, J. Ray Bowen II and David C. Rose

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Coming to Terms with Mittaterschaft - Feminism, Nationalism and Identity Politics in Unified Germany, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Joyce Marie Mushaben

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On The Absence of Anonymous Private Legal Corporations in China, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, J. Ray Bowen II and David C. Rose

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Wolf Isaac Ladejinsky and the Land Reform in Taiwan, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Winston Hsieh

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NATO Reluctant Peacemaker, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Timothy J. Birch

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Defense Cooperation in Western Europe The Post-Maastricht Era and Beyond, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Timothy J. Birch

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Sino-North American International Joint Ventures and Performance A case of Different Expectations, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Julius H. Johnson Jr. and Shuming Zhao

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Power and Queen Mothers in Ghana Links to the Political Economy, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Sheilah Clarke-Ekong

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The Quality of Democracy Mass-Elite Linkages in the Czech Republic, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Andrew T. Green and Carol Skalnik Leff

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Land Mines on the Road to Market Economies in Romania and Albania Pyramid Schemes and Individual Investment in the 1990s, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Elez Biberaj, Peter R. Mueser, Robin Remington, and Mircea T. Maniu

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Bridging the Weapons Gap The Convergence of Conventional Arms and Weapons of Mass Destruction, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John Sislin

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Asymmetrical Regional Integration Comparing the Motives and Influence of Small and Large States, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Timothy J. White

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Politics and Black Tuesday, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Jeffrey Pickering

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Non-Lethal Weapons Implications for Post-Cold War Conflict, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, John Sislin

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Information Flows Between The Eurodollar Spot and Futures Markets, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Yin-Wong Cheung and Hung-Gay Fung

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French Defense Policy, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, P. Lellouche

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Building Political Consensus and Distributing Resources, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Theodora-Ismane Gizelis

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The Educational Objectives of International Relations Texts, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Frederic S. Pearson

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Patterns of Foreign Military Intervention 1948-1967, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Frederic S. Pearson

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Domestic Market Structure and the Commodity Pattern of U.S. International Trade, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorensen

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Domestic Market Structure and the Commodity Pattern of US International Trade An Empirical Analysis, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson

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Foreign Military Interventions and Domestic Disputes, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Frederic S. Pearson

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Domestic Market Structure and International Trade An Empirical Analysis, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson

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International Trade, International Investment and Industrial Profitability of US Manufacturing, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson

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Two Way International Trade An Economical Analysis, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson

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The Effect of E.E.C.s Common Agricultural Policy on United States Farm Exports An Empirical Estimate, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos

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Foreign Trade, Concentration and Profitability in Open Economies, UMSL Global Occasional Papers, Emilio Pagoulatos and Robert Sorenson